Songs of the Bible: Exodus 15

The Song of Moses (Exodus 15:1–18)

The Song of Moses is sung in response to Yahweh saving Israel from the Egyptians at the Red Sea. After witnessing the destruction of Pharaoh’s army, the people feared and believed God and Moses, and Moses and all Israel sang together in praise of the Lord’s deliverance.

This song celebrates God’s victory, interprets the crossing of the sea theologically, and looks forward to Israel’s future with God dwelling among them.

Literary Structure of the Song

Overview of the Structure

• Verses 1–12 – The crossing of the sea
  • Verses 1–5 – Overview of God’s victory
  • Verses 6–10 – Detailed account of the defeat of Egypt
• Verses 13–16 – Future travel and conquest of Canaan
• Verses 17–18 – Conclusion: God’s dwelling and reign

The song moves from past deliverance, to future victory, and finally to God reigning with His people.

Verses 1–12: The Lord Is a Warrior for Israel

Theme: The Lord is a warrior for Israel.

In verse 2, Yahweh is described as Israel’s “strength and song.” The song portrays God as a divine warrior who fights on behalf of His people.

Verses 6–8 use vivid imagery of the deep and chaotic waters, emphasizing that Pharaoh and his army were thrown into the depths. God is shown as having absolute control over the waters, just as He did in Genesis 1, where He subdued chaos and brought order.

Verses 4–12 describe how God “blew with His breath / nostrils,” poetically referring to the east wind from the narrative. This act is both deliverance for Israel and judgment on the gods of Egypt, demonstrating Yahweh’s supremacy.

Verses 13–16: Redemption and the Future Conquest

God is described as having “redeemed” Israel, meaning He purchased them out of slavery. He will now lead them to a place where God can dwell with them.

The mention of Philistia, Moab, Edom, and Canaan foreshadows the future conquest of the land. These nations will fear Israel, and Israel will have success because the Lord goes before them.

Verses 17–18: God Dwelling and Reigning with His People

God will plant His people on a mountain, using Eden imagery. This points forward to Mount Zion and the temple in Jerusalem, where God will dwell among His people.

The song concludes with the declaration that the Lord will reign there with His people, affirming His eternal kingship.